Pears began to be cultivated in ancient Greece. Modern breeders are breeding new varieties of these beautiful fruit trees. One of them is the Bryansk beauty, which has already become popular among gardeners.
The history of pear varieties Bryansk beauty
Pear Bryansk beauty was bred by the All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Research Federal State Budgetary Institution. The parent pair was probably Red Williams and New Year's.
Since 2010, the Bryansk beauty is listed in the State Register. It is recommended to grow in the central region and central strip of Russia. Now the variety is also popular among gardeners in the southern Urals, as it was bred by the breeders of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Orenburg Experimental Station for Gardening and Viticulture of VSTISP.
There is a pear with a similar name - Early Bryansk. Unlike the late-ripe beauty, she is summer, early-ripe, her flowers are white, and her resistance to diseases is lower. And the fruits themselves are completely different - greenish-yellow, with a slight blush.
Grade description
Pear Bryansk beauty low
The Bryansk beauty does not grow very high - her crown begins at an altitude of 0.6-1.0 m from the ground. Shoots directed upwards have medium growth. Frost resistance - up to -35 ° С. The variety is resistant to pear-like diseases at the level of the best standard varieties, but does not like harsh winds and stagnation of water in the soil. For the Bryansk beauty, neutral or slightly acidic soils are preferable, light, nutritious, permeable to water and air.
A tree placed in a well-lit and sun-warmed area begins to yield in its fifth year of growth, counting from seedlings. If the pear is planted with a 1-2-year-old seedling, then it bears fruit 3-4 years after planting. Vaccinations of cuttings of the Bryansk beauty on pears of another variety delight gardeners with fruits for the third year. It is grafted well on quince to get a tree on a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock.
These late-summer pears bloom later than others when return frosts have already passed. They do not threaten the flower buds of the Bryansk beauty. The tree self-pollinates, but the presence of third-party pollinating varieties that bloom in the same period helps to increase productivity.
Pear Bryansk beauty blooms later than other varieties
The fruits of the Bryansk beauty are approximately one size and weigh a little more than 200 g. They are covered with green skin with a dull red coating. When ripening in the beginning or first half of September, pears turn yellow. The sum of active temperatures required for this variety is at least 2400 ° C per year. To calculate it, summarize all daily temperatures during the year, exceeding + 10 ° C.
Inside the pear is a juicy tender pulp of medium density with a light aroma of flowers, which has a creamy color. Tasters highly rated her taste - 4.8 points. Fruits can be stored up to 2 months.
Planting a pear Bryansk beauty
You can plant a pear Bryansk beauty in spring and autumn. The main condition is the advance preparation of the landing pit so that the soil settles in it and there are no empty voids. For spring planting, a place for the future seedling is prepared in the fall, and for autumn - using the same technology throughout the spring and summer. If the soil is clayey, heavy, the size of the pit should be no less than 1x1 m, and the depth should be up to 0.8 m. For fertile soils, dimensions can be slightly reduced.
When digging a hole, fertile soil is laid separately to mix it with 2-3 buckets of rotted manure or finished compost and a bucket of coarse sand, a glass of superphosphate, 4-5 st. l potassium sulfate. With this composition fill the dug hole to the top.
For spring planting, the place for the future pear seedling Bryansk beauty is being prepared since autumn
In a ten-liter bucket of water, 2 cups of dolomite flour or lime-fluff are bred and the solution is poured into the pit, as well as 2 more buckets of water.
Landing is carried out as follows:
- Before planting in a prepared place, make a hole slightly larger than the volume of the roots of the seedling.
The size of the landing pit is increased in accordance with the volume of the root system of the pear
- A mound is poured in its center so that when a seedling is placed on it, its root neck rises several centimeters above the soil surface. Next to drive a stake for the garter of a young tree.
The root neck should be above ground level
- The pit is covered with soil, which is carefully compacted.
After planting, the earth around the seedling needs to be compacted
- The seedling is watered with 2-3 buckets of water. After the water is absorbed, the trunk circle is mulched with compost, rotted manure or wood shavings.
Care for the Bryansk beauty
Throughout the summer, the seedling needs to be watered, the trunk should be kept in a state of black steam before fruiting, that is, constantly weed from weeds. From the second year of its growth on the site should be fed, to fight diseases and pests.
A pear in the summer period very well perceives such irrigation as sprinkling - spraying the whole tree through a divider on the hose. If this is not possible, water is poured into a groove 10-15 cm deep dug along the perimeter of the trunk circle. Spend about 2-3 buckets per m2 square food tree. After moisture is absorbed by the soil, it must be loosened so that the air does not interfere with the roots.
The first year to feed the seedling should not be, because when planting was applied enough fertilizer. Starting next spring, the tree is fed annually with mineral fertilizers at the rate of 30-50 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of potassium chloride and 10-15 g of urea per m2 trunk circle. Every 3 years, organic dressing is applied to the same area - from 5 to 10 kg of humus, manure, compost, slurry or chicken droppings. All fertilizers are best placed in a thirty-centimeter depth groove dug along the edge of the trunk circle so that all the substances necessary for the plant reach the roots. An effective way of fertilizing and watering the tree are wells with a depth of 0.4-0.6 m at the periphery of the trunk circle.
Pear Bryansk beauty is winter-hardy, but it’s better to keep a young seedling from harsh winter:
- well mulch the soil around the trunk;
- to tie the head with roofing paper, thick paper or spruce paws (this will protect the pear from rodents);
- spud a tree, sprinkling soil in a near-stem circle with a layer of up to 0.2 m;
- in winter, raking snow under a pear.
Pear Diseases and Pests
Bryansk beauty is resistant to disease, but this does not mean that she can be left unattended and appropriate care.
Scab
Such a disease as scab is considered the worst enemy of pears. Its appearance can be determined even in early spring by the presence of greenish-brown deposits on the leaves, which dry up and crumble. In the future, the disease can spread to the fruits in the form of gray-black spots. You cannot eat such pears.
To prevent the disease in early spring and late autumn, the tree and the soil under it are treated with a solution of 0.5 kg of urea per 10 liters of water. Spend about 5 l of the drug for processing an adult tree and 1 l for each m2 trunk circle.
You can use Bordeaux liquid for the same purpose - a solution of 10 kg of quicklime and copper sulfate in 10 liters of water. A tree is treated with this preparation before the buds open, and immediately after flowering. If in the previous season the pear was severely affected by scab, then the concentration of the solution is increased by 3 times.
The scab can spread to the fruits of the pear in the form of gray-black spots
Powdery mildew
This disease manifests itself in the form of a whitish coating on the shoots, leaves or flowers of a pear, which gradually turns brown, then black spots appear. The wood can be treated with Topaz or Spore. How to use them is indicated on the packaging.
After removing the fruit from the tree, it is treated with a one percent solution of Bordeaux liquid prepared according to the recipe described above. When the foliage falls, it is collected and burned.
Powdery mildew on pear Bryansk beauty appears in the form of a whitish coating on the leaves
Leaflet
Small caterpillars of the leaflet penetrate into the kidneys even when they swell, gnaw them, then move to the leaves, the juice of which they feed. They fold the leaf into a tube fastened with a cobweb, which is why the name of this pest appeared, which threatens not only pear, but also all garden plants.
You can defeat the leaflet by processing all the trees in the garden with Karbofos. 30 g of the chemical are dissolved in a ten-liter bucket of water and the trees are sprayed when the buds open.
Good results can be achieved by using tincture of tobacco, shag or tobacco dust. 0.4 kg of one of these substances is poured into 10 liters of warm water and insisted for two days, the liquid is filtered off and another 10 liters of water are diluted. Plants are sprayed with such a preparation all season, if the first treatment did not help.
Leafloader threatens not only pear, but all garden plants
Pear moth
The butterfly of this pest leaves its masonry on the pear skin, and the larvae emerging from them bite into the fruit and feed on its seeds.
An effective means of combating the pear moth is spraying with a decoction of wormwood. The grass is harvested during flowering and dried in the previous year. 0.8 kg of dried raw material is insisted for several hours in 10 l of water, then boiled for about half an hour. After filtering, the broth is diluted with another 10 liters of water. This solution is treated with pear trees 2-3 times before flowering.
The pear moth butterfly leaves its masonry on the pear skin, and the larvae emerging from them bite into the fruit and feed on its seeds
Gardeners reviews about the variety
You will do well. That's just the CAT needs her somewhere 2500-2600, then the pear is very tasty and well prepared for the winter. This variety is very important to plant correctly (if you are grafting into the crown), preferably in the conductor, if it does not grow in the lateral branches, because has apical shoot growth.
yri
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9431
I can afford to plant another pear, two autumn ones have already been planted. I want to plant one so that it is stored in the winter. I just can’t decide whether Yakovlevskaya or Belorussian is late? In the photo I generally like Bryansk beauty more, but she is autumn.
TatyanaSh
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Unfortunately, in winter, pears have freezing of fruit formations. And they also suffer from spring frosts. In vain you are so about the grade. For the middle band there is no better winter yet. I recently talked with Timiryazevites about pears; they have the same opinion. But the Bryansk beauty is a good variety, but I would not plant it in the Moscow Region, if only for the collection a twig.
San Sanych
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4591&start=855
Bryansk beauty is an excellent variety of pears in all respects, which is quite suitable for the central region and central Russia. I would like to remind gardeners that sometimes not only in one area, but also in one garden partnership, the conditions for a tree can be diametrically opposite. When choosing a pear variety for planting, you need to try to take into account all the features of the local climate, topography, soil, and the main directions of the winds.
