Raspberries: planting, pruning, care, benefit and harm

Raspberry is a representative of the Rubus genus, which, in turn, is part of the Rosaceae family. In total, there are about 120 species of plants. They vary in shape, size and color.

In the list of characteristic qualities, in addition to external attractiveness, there is resistance to low temperatures, excellent taste, the possibility of obtaining a plentiful harvest and simplicity in agricultural technology. Therefore, raspberries are widespread in various regions of Russia from the middle zone and the south, to the Urals and Siberia. And also abundant harvests are observed in the US states, Mexico. Raspberry contains vitamins, antioxidants, fiber, it is used for medicinal purposes. The berry has shades - red, yellow, sometimes black, purple.

Description

Perennial shrub (80 cm-2 m) has a powerful woody root system. The rapid growth of new processes is due to the growth of accessory roots. Flower buds appear in the sinuses in the first year, during the second season branches appear on which ovaries and inflorescences subsequently develop.

The fruits ripen in June-July, the harvest - June-August. One bush is capable of producing crops for two decades.

The berries are frozen, they retain beneficial properties and aroma. Dried are used for medical purposes.

Repair raspberries and its other types

The plant comes in four main forms: ordinary, large-fruited, remontant, and standard. The main differences:

Popular varieties of repair, large-fruited and other types of raspberries

Raspberries are black, yellow, orange and red. Among the main differences distinguish such signs as thorns, size of berries, flowering period. Breeders annually breed new varieties. In the list of the most popular are the following varieties:

New Zealand breeders have come up with a new variety: strawberry spinach - raspberries, which eat berries and leaves. The novelty is a raspberry-leafed variety, or Tibetan, unusual in appearance, unpretentious, prickly, low. Loves the sun and fertile soil.

Black raspberries and its varieties

There are also unusual varieties with black fruits, obtained by crossing raspberries with blackberries:

Varieties for Moscow region

Each variety has its own individual characteristics. For this region, you should choose varieties that are resistant to low temperature conditions.

Gardeners most often acquire raspberry seedlings, which can increase the decorativeness of the site and give a bountiful harvest. The last requirement is explained by early frosts.

Planting raspberries in autumn and spring: when and how to plant

Raspberry is an unpretentious plant. So that the efforts are not in vain, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the seedlings and the phased preparation of the site for planting.

It is better if the soil is loamy. Otherwise, regular application of mineral and organic fertilizers will be required.

Seedling selection

The part of the plant intended for planting is chosen based on:

• number of shoots (from 2 to 4);
• stem thickness (5-8 mm);
• condition of leaf blades (a bright green shade is considered the norm);
• the length of the root system (not less than 16 cm).

The latter must be wrapped with a damp cloth during transportation. This is necessary to avoid drying out. When using cellophane bags, the roots may rot.

The faster the seedling is planted, the better it will take root.

Before planting, leaves and shoots are cut off from him. The length of the latter should not exceed 40 cm. Another indispensable item is dipping the roots in a talker made of mullein and clay. With its help, rooting for raspberries is achieved.

Landing time

Raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. When choosing a suitable period, climatic conditions must be considered. Gardeners living in the southern regions most often plant raspberries in the fall (end of September - mid-October).

This is due to the development of replacement kidneys. If the seedlings were purchased too late, they must be protected from the negative effects of low temperature. The place to be stored is a cold room. The temperature in it should not exceed +5 ° C. Watering should be discarded.

Spring planting is carried out before the sap flow begins. Otherwise, the seedling will take too long to take root. To reduce the duration of this period, the gardener will have to cut the shoots to the buds. Thus ensure the development of strong shoots.

Landing place

The raspberry plot must meet the following requirements:

• good lighting;
• the presence of partial shade;
• light fertile sandy loamy soil;
• soil acidity level - neutral or slightly acidic;
• protection from strong winds.

If any conditions are violated, the yield will decrease significantly.

The most favorable location of raspberry from north to south.

Do not plant raspberries in low and too high places.

Landing technology

Gardeners use several methods, among them:

• Bush. They dig in two directions: from north to south, from northeast to southwest. Between the seedlings should be at least 1.5 m. The depth and width of the planting pits should be approximately equal (about 50 cm). Before planting, a mixture of humus, superphosphates, compost, ammonium nitrate and ash is placed in the formed recesses.
• Trench. This method requires more time and labor. Additional benefits include obtaining a more abundant crop, providing nutrients. The complex of preparatory measures includes site selection, elimination of garbage and weeds. To prevent the appearance of the latter, a black film and roofing material are placed in the aisle. The depth and width of the finished trench are 50 and 60 cm. The length and number of branches are determined taking into account the size of the raspberry.
• The use of containers. Plastic and metal containers must have certain dimensions (width 45 cm, height 60 cm). Before landing, the bottom is removed from it. Then the resulting design is placed in a pre-prepared hole. Excessive growth of raspberries is prevented by rotted manure. To increase productivity, shrubs are tied right after planting.

Mr. Summer resident: tips for planting raspberries

Experienced gardeners warn of the following errors and give tips:

• It is strictly forbidden to neglect recommendations regarding the width, depth and length of the recesses.
• The use of mineral and organic fertilizers is mandatory. At the same time, mixtures containing nitrogen remain banned.
• When determining the intervals between the bushes, it is necessary to take into account the type and variety of raspberries.
• The root neck of seedlings should remain at the level of the previous cultivation site.
• After planting, the soil must be mulched, compacted and watered. Fluid flow from 2.5 to 3.5 buckets per 1 square meter. Water is poured into pre-prepared grooves.

The secret is if you spread the oil near, raspberry bushes will not hurt.

An excellent site will be the one where garlic, onions, beets, carrots used to grow. And undesirable predecessors: potatoes, tomatoes.

Rules for planting remont raspberries

These raspberries can produce several crops. Shoots can be two-year and one-year. Difficulties in leaving usually do not arise, which cannot be said about the process of reproduction. When planting, the row-spacing is usually 1.5 m, the gaps between the seedlings are 70 cm. It is necessary that the neck of the root of the seedling is at the same depth as before the transplant and the root system should not be close to the surface.

Landing of remont raspberries is carried out in spring or early fall.

Without pruning, raspberries will become less fruitful.

Raspberry Care

When growing shrubs, it is necessary to drain, moisten and loosen the earth. Regular top dressing is also considered a compulsory measure. All procedures must be carried out with caution. Otherwise, damage to parts of the root system that are not far from the soil surface cannot be avoided. Peat and straw are used to mulch the soil.

When autumn comes, they remove all the leaves on the bushes, burn the mulch.

Fertilizers, watering

To increase productivity, ready-made compost (10 kg), wood ash (150 g) are used from organics, potassium salt (40 g), superphosphate (60 g), ammonium nitrate (30 g) per 1 square meter are used from mineral ones. In dense soils, it is mixed with peat to give friability.

Experts recommend the use of sprinklers, through which they achieve a rain effect. Special control of soil moisture is required during the growing season. It lasts throughout the spring and several summer months. Raspberries are watered under the root. The liquid should not fall on the leaves. This can cause burns.

Raspberry pruning

In autumn, cut off offspring shoots of two years of age, do not leave hemp. Thanks to this, in the spring new processes appear at the bush.

In the spring, the stems affected by frost are shortened. In the summer, eliminate excessive young growth. In this way, bush thickening is prevented.

The Sobolev method is common: in the period from May to June, the tops are shortened, leaving branches one meter. Next year, in early spring, lateral shoots are shortened by 5-12 cm. It is believed that this leads to an increase in yield, reduction of diseases, provided that they are planted and cared for properly.

A plant whose age is from 5 to 7 years is rejuvenated. Do it in the fall. The old root is removed. Young seedlings are transplanted.

Preparing raspberries for the winter, garter

To prevent damage to plants, put support. To do this, you can use the methods:

• fan - two sticks to which parts of the shoots are tied;
• Stake - shoots are fixed at a height of 1.5 m;
• tapestry - to strengthen the future bush, different designs are used, created from columns and wire (varieties: single, double, Scandinavian, mobile turnstile).

Protection against hypothermia is required for varieties that do not differ in frost resistance. Use a fence, a frame with a film, or a polycarbonate structure.

How and when to transplant raspberries

The time of transplantation depends on several factors: an adult bush or young growth, climatic conditions, varietal affiliation. In the spring, plants with well-developed roots are planted, and for a mild climate, the root shoot of raspberry of repairing varieties. In the middle lane, young shoots are best transplanted in late summer or autumn. Do this similarly to planting seedlings.

Transplanting young bushes to old growth sites is not allowed. Preparation consists in digging the soil and applying fertilizers.

Breeding

There are two ways to get a new plant:

• Vegetative - the shoot, separated from the root, is again planted in early autumn. This method is considered more effective.
• Using seeds - requires effort and material costs. Planting material must be bought in specialized stores. Seedlings and seeds in this case will have all varietal characteristics. Having selected high-quality seeds, they are soaked, sown in a mixture of peat and sand to a depth of about 5 mm, when two normal leaves appear, they are planted. In the fall, transplanted into the garden.

For removal, they bend the shoot to the ground, after cutting the leaves. They fill up with soil, strengthen, tie up the top, regularly water it.

Diseases and Pests

The main condition for combating various ailments and parasites is prevention.

Affected parts of the plant are cut and burned. The last stage is not recommended for the garden plot.

The health benefits and benefits of raspberries

Raspberries are often used for medicinal purposes. It stabilizes the digestive tract, respiratory system, central nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The berry is useful for diabetes and other pathologies that cause metabolic disturbances. This is due to the presence of healing properties: bactericidal, diaphoretic, antipyretic, antiseptic and analgesic.

Eating fresh and canned berries, a woman rejuvenates the body, increases the functionality of the reproductive system. This is due to the fact that folic acid is present in raspberries. There are a lot of anthocyanins in black berries; the yellow variety is unique in that it does not cause allergies.

The list of contraindications includes only hypersensitivity to raspberries, which is quite rare. If you experience unpleasant sensations, you must consult a dermatologist or allergist. The doctor will identify the cause of the malaise, inform about the health benefits and benefits of raspberries.

Do not recommend the use of fruits for people with stomach ulcers, kidney disease, gout.

Desserts and folk remedies made from raspberries are allowed to be used during pregnancy and during lactation. Pregnant women need folic acid.

Watch the video: How to Grow, Prune and Transplant Raspberries (November 2024).