Primula - home care, photo

Primrose - a herbaceous plant of the family Primrose (Primulaceae)whose homeland is China. The plant is widely cultivated in open ground and as a potted culture grown indoors.

The species combines low (25-30 cm) plants with a compact rosette of whole wrinkled leaves covered with small villi. In the early spring, immediately after the snow melts, at the ends of leafless shoots of primrose, buds develop single or collected in racemose or umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Each is formed by 5 petals fused at the base, colored in shades of red, yellow or white.

Most representatives are perennials with medium growth rate. Some are biennial or annual herbs.

Beneficial features

All parts of the flower are widely used in folk medicine:

• decoctions are prepared from leaves for the treatment of respiratory diseases;
• infusions from the roots - an expectorant, soft urine and diaphoretic, enhancing the secretion of the stomach and metabolism.
• tea brewed from inflorescences strengthens the nervous system.

Young leaves of primrose are added to salads and soups, and crushed dry roots are used as a spice.

Features of home care. Briefly

Primrose at home is demanding on temperature conditions, lighting, humidity, and needs some care.

Features of growing primrose are few in number and are determined by the nuances of its vegetation. In particular, the content during the entire period of growth in conditions close to natural.

After flowering, the primrose rests, slowing down the vegetation. In order for the plant to grow stronger, it is better to transplant it into the open ground. In the fall, the flower is returned to the room.

Caring for primrose at home. In detail

Caring for home primrose is simple and consists in carrying out traditional events for the florist: watering, fertilizing, pruning and transplanting.

Planting primrose

Planting is a fundamental procedure for growing primrose. The further development of the plant depends on the correctness of its conduct.

Before the transplant, they prepare everything you need:

• Pot for primrose: medium, wide and shallow. Choosing too large a capacity is undesirable: the plant will direct all its efforts to the development of the root system to the detriment of flowering.
• Soil for primrose: purchased, in the form of a ready-made soil mixture for flowering plants or prepared independently from the same amounts of leaf and greenhouse earth and sand. The soil is disinfected by spilling a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

The technology for planting is simple and consists in sequentially carrying out several simple actions:

1. At the bottom of the pot, drainage is laid with a layer of 1.5-2 cm.
2. Soil is poured over the drainage, lacking 1-1.5 cm to the edges of the tank.
3. In the center, a recess is made with a size commensurate with the root system of the seedling.
4. The roots are placed in the recess and they are covered with soil so that the root neck remains on the surface.
5. The soil around the shoot is slightly compacted.

Planted plants are abundantly watered and placed in a cool, bright place.

Bloom

Most primrose species are characterized by early (from April or May) and long (2-3 months) flowering.

However, there are varieties that bloom only in early spring, for example, in April.

Heat-loving species bloom in June.

Temperature mode

In summer, primrose feels rather well at home at ordinary room temperatures, but in winter, during a period of relative rest, it needs coolness. Otherwise, the plant will refuse to bloom.

Spraying

Home primrose easily adapt to the humidity in which it is forced to exist. However, with prolonged maintenance in dry air, there is a high risk of damage by a spider mite, so it will be better if the air is moist.

To do this, during the operation of heating devices and in the summer heat, an open vessel with water is placed next to the flower or the tray is filled with wet expanded clay or moss.

Lighting

Primrose is photophilous, but does not tolerate direct sunlight, therefore, in the summer it needs darkening. The winter sun cannot harm the flower; moreover, it needs it.

Given the high need for diffused light, it is placed on the windowsills of eastern or western windows.

Watering

Indoor flower primrose needs regular watering. The frequency of soil moisture is determined by the stage of plant vegetation and indoor air temperature:

• during flowering, the soil is often moistened as soon as its upper layer (1-1.5 cm) is slightly dry;
• after flowering - moderately;
• in winter, when the plant is resting - rarely, allowing complete drying of the soil to a depth of 3 cm;
• when kept in a warm (20 ° C) room, they are watered more often and more abundantly, however, they do not allow stagnation of water not only in the pot, but also in the pan.

The soil is moistened with soft (well-settled or filtered) water, avoiding its contact with leaves and buds.

Fertilizer and fertilizer

You can not feed during a period of active growth. Fertilizers begin to be applied at the end of flowering, every 7-10 days, giving preference to solutions of complex preparations containing at least 0.1% ammonium nitrate.

With a negative reaction of the flower to dressing, for example, wilting, the concentration of the drug is reduced by 1/3.

Transfer

Caring for primrose involves a transplant. The regularity of this procedure depends on the age of the flower:

• young specimens are transplanted annually in the spring, completely changing the soil to fresh and choosing a larger pot;
• plants older than 3 years are transplanted once every 2-3 years. The capacity is subject to replacement only if the primrose has grown significantly.

It happens that a flower needs an unplanned transplant. Indications for its implementation are:

• root sprouting through drainage holes;
• stagnation or salting of the soil;
• wilting of the plant due to rotting of the roots.

After the transplant, the flower is watered and darkened for 3-5 days. The resumption of leaf turgor and their green hue are evidence of successful rooting.

Pruning

Primrose does not need to be trimmed in the traditional sense of the term. However, wilted leaves and buds must be removed in a timely manner, which will save flower strength and is a good prevention of the development of diseases and pests.

Breeding

Easily propagated vegetatively, with the help of cuttings. This method is notable for its simplicity and good performance.

Propagation of primrose by cuttings

Cuttings are carried out in May, after flowering is completed, separating the axillary leaf with a part of the shoot and a bud at the base of the leaf rosette. This is the stalk. It is rooted in shallow containers filled with a two-layer substrate:

• below - 2-2.5 cm of peat or leaf land;
• above - 2 cm of coarse river sand.

Cuttings are planted obliquely, kidney up, to a depth of 1 cm. The container is placed in a cool, light (16-18 ° C) place, keeping the sand in a moderately wet state.

After 3 months, shoots will develop from the kidneys. After the growth of 3-4 new leaves, young plants are transplanted into individual containers with a diameter of 7-9 m, filled with an earthen mixture of deciduous earth, humus and sand (4: 2: 1).

The first flowering of primrose, grown from the cuttings, will come in about half a year.

Growing primrose from seeds

Primrose can be grown from seeds that are collected independently or purchased in a store.

Sowing is carried out in the spring, in April or May, using small plates or boxes filled with sand-leaf mixture.

Seeds (0.5 g per container) are evenly distributed on the surface of the previously moistened soil, covered with transparent, airtight material and placed in a bright place, for example, on the windowsill. After 10-12 days, the first sprouts should appear.

Shoots are dived twice, and then planted in separate small (7-9 cm) pots filled with a nutrient mixture from deciduous, greenhouse soil of sand (2: 2: 1). When the container becomes cramped, the plants are transferred to larger pots.

The first flowering of primrose grown from seeds will come in six months.

Diseases and Pests

The primrose reacts to violations of the conditions of detention and care by changing its appearance and vegetation:

• leaves turn yellow primrose - very dry air, irrigation with hard water, moisture stagnation, top dressing with the use of fertilizers of high concentration;
• leaves rot - long-term maintenance in conditions of high humidity of air and soil, frequent wetting of leaves during irrigation;
• flowers fade quickly - with too dry and warm (more than 20 ° C) air.
• does not bloom if you spent the winter in a warm (above 20 ° C) room.

The remaining diseases of primrose are a consequence of the defeat of fungi weakened by improper care of plants.

1. Spotting: the development of the disease provokes excessive watering and poorly ventilated leaf sockets with excessive thickening. Infection is manifested by the formation of gray spots on the peduncles and leaf blades, which subsequently become covered with plaque.
2. Ramulariosis develops when the plant is kept cool and over-watered. It is diagnosed by the appearance on the leaves of rounded spots of light yellow color, which subsequently darken and rot, which leads to the death of the entire leaf, and then the plant.

Fungal infections are combated by the timely removal of damaged parts and the subsequent repeated treatment of the entire plant with solutions of Fundozol or Topsin.

Primrose can be affected by pests: aphids, scale insects, thrips, weevil, spider mites. At the first signs of damage, insect pests are destroyed by folk methods, in advanced cases, insecticides are used.

Types of primrose homemade with photos and names

The genus unites about 500 plant species. Indoor grown only some of them.

Primula obconica or inverse conic (Primula obconica)

A tall (up to 60 cm) herbaceous perennial with a lush rosette of long-large large (10 cm long) rough leaves of a heart-shaped, with a wavy edge, shape. It blooms, forming umbrella-shaped inflorescences from buds of 3-4 cm in diameter different in color, exuding a delicate pleasant aroma.

Primrose malacoides or mallow-like (Primula malacoides)

An annual herbaceous plant up to 40-45 cm high with a dense elastic rosette of elongate-oval, with a serrated edge, leaves. It begins to bloom in late autumn, forming up to 8 tall peduncles on one plant, ending in whorls of long flower inflorescences, consisting of several dozens (up to 45) small (diameter up to 1.5 cm) buds of pink, red or white shades, often interspersed with strokes, yellow the core.

Primula vulgaris or Common (Primula vulgaris)

It is represented by a large number of hybrids having a dense rosette of elongated-oval wrinkled leaves, in the central part of which cirrus venation is clearly visible. It blooms in early spring, 3-4 weeks, forming low peduncles ending in single large (2-4 cm) buds of snow-white, blue-purple, red, yellow and burgundy shades. This species is more often than others offered for sale and cultivated as a pot culture, and in the open ground.

Watch the video: Primula Paradiso by Gardener Polman english subtitled (November 2024).